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Still to report: the watch list

When a trial on this list reports, it moves to the theme page and, if it changes a claim, to the changes page.

Recently added

2026-10: 201 sources added

• How much water people drink: US EPA. Exposure Factors Handbook, Chapter 3: Ingestion of Water and Other Select Liquids, Table 3-1 (NHANES 2003-2006) (2011 (posted 2019/2025))
• How much water people drink: Rosinger AY, Herrick KA, Wutich AY, Yoder JS, Ogden CL. Disparities in plain, tap and bottled water consumption among US adults: NHANES 2007 (2018)
• How much water people drink: Vieux F, Maillot M, Rehm CD, Barrios P, Drewnowski A. Opposing Consumption Trends for Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Plain Drinking Water: NH (2020)
• How much water people drink: DeOreo WB, Mayer P, Dziegielewski B, Kiefer J. Residential End Uses of Water, Version 2. Water Research Foundation (figures via Wikipedia su (2016)
• How much water people drink: US EPA WaterSense RO Supporting Statement (as C19): drinking & cooking assumption (2024)
• Silver in filters: Lee J-H. Antibacterial properties of silver ions released from the silver-impregnated activated carbons established on point-of-use (POU) ho (2004)
• Silver in filters: WHO. Silver in drinking-water: chemical fact sheet (GDWQ). (2022)
• Silver in filters: Garbos S, Swiecicka D. Human exposure to silver released from silver-modified activated carbon applied in the new type of jug filter systems (2013)
• Silver in filters: Authors not retrieved (Polish NIPH-NIH project NN404 193039). Silver release from jug filter cartridges. Food Addit Contam Part A. (2012)
• Silver in filters: Meierhofer R, Rubli P, Oremo J, Odhiambo A. Does activated silver reduce recontamination risks in the reservoirs of ceramic water filters? W (2019)
• Showering: what you breathe and absorb: Jo WK, Weisel CP, Lioy PJ. Chloroform exposure and the health risk associated with multiple uses of chlorinated tap water. Risk Analysis 10( (1990)
• Showering: what you breathe and absorb: Weisel CP, Jo WK. Ingestion, inhalation, and dermal exposures to chloroform and trichloroethene from tap water. Environ Health Perspect 104( (1996)
• Showering: what you breathe and absorb: Kuo H-W, Chiang T-F, Lo I-I, Lai J-S, Chan C-C, Wang J-D. Estimates of cancer risk from chloroform exposure during showering in Taiwan. Sci (1998)
• Showering: what you breathe and absorb: Backer LC, Ashley DL, Bonin MA, Cardinali FL, Kieszak SM, Wooten JV. Household exposures to drinking water disinfection by-products: whole b (2000)
• Showering: what you breathe and absorb: Nuckols JR, Ashley DL, Lyu C, Gordon SM, Hinckley AF, Singer P. Influence of tap water quality and household water use activities on indoor (2005)
• Showering: what you breathe and absorb: Gordon SM, Wallace LA, Callahan PJ, Kenny DV, Brinkman MC. Effect of water temperature on dermal exposure to chloroform. Environ Health Pers (1998)
• Showering: what you breathe and absorb: National Research Council. Risk Assessment of Radon in Drinking Water. National Academies Press (1999)
• Showering: what you breathe and absorb: Wisconsin Dept of Health Services. Radon in Water (web page) (n.d.)
• Showering: what you breathe and absorb: US EPA. Basic Information about Lead in Drinking Water (web page) (current)
• Showering: what you breathe and absorb: Health Canada. Guideline Technical Document — Arsenic (section on dermal absorption, citing NRC 1999 and ATSDR 2000) (2006)
• Showering: what you breathe and absorb: Yeh A, Prueitt RL, Kerper LE, Beck BD. Evaluating dermal absorption of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and implications for other PFAS. Regul (2025)
• Showering: what you breathe and absorb: Minnesota Dept of Health. Reducing Exposures: Perfluoroalkyl Substances (fact sheet) (current)
• Showering: what you breathe and absorb: ATSDR ToxGuide for Fluorides, Hydrogen Fluoride, and Fluorine (toxguide-11) (2003 (archived 2013))
• Showering: what you breathe and absorb: Thomas KS et al. A randomised controlled trial of ion-exchange water softeners for the treatment of eczema in children (SWET). PLoS Medicine (2011)
• Showering: what you breathe and absorb: Jabbar-Lopez ZK et al. Randomized controlled pilot trial with ion-exchange water softeners to prevent eczema (SOFTER trial). Clin Exp Allerg (2022)
• Showering: what you breathe and absorb: NSF/ANSI 177 Shower Filtration Systems — Aesthetic Effects (described in PM Engineer trade article) (2004 (standard))
• Showering: what you breathe and absorb: KDF Fluid Treatment R&D Laboratory. Shower Filter Chlorine Test (Omica Organics), NSF/ANSI 177-2014 protocol (2016)
• RO waste water and water rates: US EPA WaterSense: Point-of-Use Reverse Osmosis Systems (product page; spec released Nov 2024) (2024)
• RO waste water and water rates: US EPA WaterSense. Supporting Statement for the Point-of-Use Reverse Osmosis Systems Specification (2024)
• RO waste water and water rates: US EPA WaterSense Supporting Statement (as C19): water+sewer price assumption citing AWWA 2023 Water and Wastewater Rate Survey (Raftelis) (2024)
• RO waste water and water rates: Dvorak BI, Skipton SO. Drinking Water Treatment: Reverse Osmosis. NebGuide G1490, University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension (rev.) (2014)
• RO waste water and water rates: UMass Amherst CAFE (adapted from URI). Reverse Osmosis Treatment of Drinking Water Supplies (2007)
• RO waste water and water rates: Cartwright P, Cartwright T. Recovery/Efficiency of RO Water POU Units: The Real Story. WC&P (2001)
• RO waste water and water rates: Andrew R (NSF). RO Efficiency and Recovery. WC&P (2018)
• RO waste water and water rates: Aqua Flo CRO-800UX6 tankless RO specification sheet (MANUFACTURER CLAIM) (n.d.)
• RO waste water and water rates: AWWA Water & Wastewater Rate Survey (with Raftelis) - product page (2024-2026)
• RO waste water and water rates: Bluefield Research. US water and sewer bill has increased 24% in five years (rate index press release) (2025)
• RO waste water and water rates: Circle of Blue 30-city water price survey, 2019 (as cited by Penn State EARTH 111 course) (2019)
• RO waste water and water rates: US EPA WaterSense: Statistics and Facts (2015 data (page 2021-2025))
• PFAS: Herkert NJ, Merrill J, Peters C, Bollinger D, Zhang S, Hoffman K, Ferguson PL, Knappe DRU, Stapleton HM. Assessing the effectiveness of poin (2020)
• PFAS: Mulhern R, Bynum ND, Liyanapatirana C, DeStefano N, Knappe D, Gibson JM. Longitudinal assessment of point-of-use carbon filters for removal (2021)
• PFAS: Teymoorian T, Dinh QT, Barbeau B, Sauvé S. Performance of pitcher-type POU filters for the removal of 75 PFAS from drinking water: comparing (2024)
• PFAS: Patterson C, Burkhardt J, Schupp D, Krishnan ER, Dyment S, Merritt S, Zintek L, Kleinmaier D. Effectiveness of point-of-use/point-of-entry s (2019)
• PFAS: Choudhary K, Lanzarini-Lopes M, Parzen H, Perez Medina X, Reckhow D, Rogers R, Tobiason J, Wittbold P (UMass Amherst / MassDEP). PFAS Point- (2023)
• PFAS: Minnesota Department of Health (Water Science & Marketing / WQA). MDH Evaluation of Point-of-Use Water Treatment Devices for Perfluorochemic (2008)
• PFAS: He A, Lu Y, Chen F, et al. Exploring the origin of efficient adsorption of PFAS in household point-of-use water purifiers: joint experimenta (2022)
• PFAS: Zhang X, Wang D, Wang K, Yang Z, Ai M, Zhang Y. Legacy and novel PFAS in tap water from East China: impact from water sources and risk mitig (2025)
• PFAS: MacKeown H, Magi E, Di Carro M, Benedetti B. Removal of PFAS from tap water by means of point-of-use treatment: A review. Sci Total Environ (2024)
• PFAS: NC Dept of Environmental Quality, Div. of Waste Management. GAC System Pilot Study handout (Chemours/GenX private wells) (2018)
• PFAS: US EPA Office of Water. Identifying Drinking Water Filters Certified to Reduce PFAS (web guidance) (2024)
• Minerals and RO water: WHO. Nutrient minerals in drinking water and the potential health consequences of long-term consumption of demineralized, remineralized and (2005)
• Minerals and RO water: WHO (Cotruvo J, Bartram J, eds). Calcium and Magnesium in Drinking-water: Public Health Significance. ISBN 978 92 4 156355 0. (2009)
• Minerals and RO water: BfR. Health risk assessment of mineral water with very low mineral content. BfR Opinion No 041/2020. (2020)
• Minerals and RO water: Rosborg I, Kozisek F, Ferrante M. Health effects of de-mineralization of drinking water. In: Rosborg I, Kozisek F (eds). Drinking Water Mine (2019)
• Minerals and RO water: Catling LA, Abubakar I, Lake IR, Swift L, Hunter PR. A systematic review of analytical observational studies investigating the association b (2008)
• Minerals and RO water: Jiang L, He P, Chen J, et al. Magnesium levels in drinking water and coronary heart disease mortality risk: a meta-analysis. Nutrients 8(1): (2016)
• Minerals and RO water: Shlezinger M, Amitai Y, Akriv A, Gabay H, Shechter M, Leventer-Roberts M. Association between exposure to desalinated sea water and ischemic (2018)
• Minerals and RO water: Koren G, Shlezinger M, Katz R, Shalev V, Amitai Y. Seawater desalination and serum magnesium concentrations in Israel. J Water Health 15(2): (2017)
• Minerals and RO water: Gu H, Gong Y, Li Z, et al. Contribution of direct-drinking water to calcium and magnesium and the influence on the height in school-age chil (2024)
• Minerals and RO water: Thippeswamy HM, Shanbhog R, Nanditha Kumar M, Prashanth SN, Smitha P. Comparison of serum calcium, magnesium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatas (2025)
• Microplastics: WHO. Microplastics in drinking-water. ISBN 978-92-4-151619-8. (2019)
• Microplastics: WHO. Dietary and inhalation exposure to nano- and microplastic particles and potential implications for human health. ISBN 978-92-4-005460-8 (2022)
• Microplastics: Kosuth M, Mason SA, Wattenberg EV. Anthropogenic contamination of tap water, beer, and sea salt. PLoS ONE 13(4):e0194970. (2018)
• Microplastics: Pivokonsky M, Cermakova L, Novotna K, Peer P, Cajthaml T, Janda V. Occurrence of microplastics in raw and treated drinking water. Sci Total (2018)
• Microplastics: Cherian AG, Liu Z, McKie MJ, Almuhtaram H, Andrews RC. Microplastic removal from drinking water using point-of-use devices. Polymers 15(6):1 (2023)
• Microplastics: da Costa ID, Nunes NNdS, Costa LL, Zalmon IR. Are water filters effective against microplastics? Water 16(22):3189. (2024)
• Microplastics: Altaee RN, Al-Ahmady K, Mhemid RKS. Study the effectiveness of household water filtration systems in eliminating plastic particles in Mosul (2024)
• Microplastics: Maliwan T, ... Hu J (5 authors; NUS/Chulalongkorn). Revisiting microplastic removal and release by point-of-use ultrafiltration membranes: 1 (2025)
• Microplastics: Wang Z, Wu Z, Janssen SE, Harrington GW, Wei H, Qin M. Microplastics undergo fragmentation during pressurized membrane filtration. Environ S (2026)
• Microplastics: Marfella R, et al. Microplastics and nanoplastics in atheromas and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. (2024)
• Microplastics: Chartres N, Cooper C, Bland G, Pelch K, Gandhi S, BakenRa A, Woodruff TJ, et al. Effects of microplastic exposure on human digestive, reprod (2024)
• Legionella at home: CDC. Legionella Control Toolkit — Potable Water Systems module (current)
• Legionella at home: DC Health. Preventing Legionellosis at Home (fact sheet) (2025)
• Legionella at home: CDC. About Legionnaires' Disease (current)
• Legionella at home: CDC. Surveillance of Waterborne Disease Outbreaks Associated with Drinking Water — United States, 2015–2020. MMWR Surveill Summ 73(SS-1) (2024)
• Legionella at home: Dufresne SF et al. Sporadic Legionnaires' disease: the role of domestic electric hot-water tanks. Epidemiol Infect 140:172-181 (2012)
• Legionella at home: Donohue MJ et al. Widespread molecular detection of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 in cold water taps across the United States. Environ (2014)
• Legionella at home: Sheffer PJ, Stout JE, Wagener MM, Muder RR. Efficacy of new point-of-use water filter for preventing exposure to Legionella and waterborne b (2005)
• Legionella at home: CDC. Legionnaires Disease Associated with a Private-Use Hot Tub in a Vacation Rental Property — New York, October 2024–April 2025. MMWR 75:2 (2026)
• Lead: Bosscher V, Lytle DA, Schock MR, Porter A, Del Toral M. POU water filters effectively reduce lead in drinking water: a demonstration field s (2019)
• Lead: US EPA / ATSDR. Flint Filter Challenge Assessment Summary (field report) (2016)
• Lead: Brown KW, Gessesse B, Butler LJ, MacIntosh DL. Potential Effectiveness of Point-of-Use Filtration to Address Risks to Drinking Water in the (2017)
• Lead: City of Newark Dept of Water and Sewer Utilities. Point-of-Use Filter Study: Filter Results Report (Final), Aug-Sept 2019 (2019)
• Lead: US EPA Region 5. Data Report: Summary of Lead Water Results in Filter and Sequential Studies, Benton Harbor MI (2022)
• Lead: Tully J, Schock M, Shilling S, Bosscher V, Lytle D, Harmon S, Bennett-Stamper C. An evaluation of properly operated NSF/ANSI-53 Pb certified (2024)
• Lead: Mulhern R, MacDonald Gibson J. Under-Sink Activated Carbon Water Filters Effectively Remove Lead from Private Well Water for over Six Months (2020)
• Lead: Purchase JM, Villalona C, Katner A, Pieper K, Edwards M. Household Point-of-Use Faucet Filters for Lead Removal: Field Performance and User (2025)
• Lead: Purchase JM, Rouillier R, Pieper KJ, Edwards MA. Understanding Failure Modes of NSF/ANSI 53 Lead-Certified Point-of-Use Pitcher and Faucet F (2021)
• Lead: Doré E, Formal C, Muhlen C, Williams D, Harmon S, Pham M, Triantafyllidou S, Lytle DA. Effectiveness of point-of-use and pitcher filters at (2021)
• Lead: Lytle DA, Formal C, Doré E, et al. Synthesis and characterization of stable lead (II) orthophosphate nanoparticle suspensions. J Environ Sci (2020)
• Lead: Pan W, Johnson ER, Giammar DE. Accumulation on and extraction of lead from point-of-use filters for evaluating lead exposure from drinking w (2020)
• Lead: Deshommes E, Zhang Y, Gendron K, Sauvé S, Edwards M, Nour S, Prévost M. Lead removal from tap water using POU devices. J AWWA 102(10):91-105 (2010)
• Lead: Rouillier RJ. Understanding Practical Limitations of Lead Certified Point of Use (POU) Filters. MS thesis, Virginia Tech (2020)
• Lead: Aljadani A. Efficacy of Pitcher Filters For Drinking Water Lead Reduction: A Challenge and Demonstration Study in Denver, CO. MS thesis, Uni (2023)
• Infant formula and tap water: US EPA. Exposure Factors Handbook, Chapter 3 Update: Ingestion of Water and Other Select Liquids (Table 3-1) (2019)
• Infant formula and tap water: US EPA. Basic Information about Lead in Drinking Water (infants section) (current)
• Infant formula and tap water: CDC. Infant Formula Preparation and Storage (web page) (current)
• Infant formula and tap water: CDC. Community Water Fluoridation FAQs — Infant Formula (archived 2020) (2020 (archived))
• Infant formula and tap water: Berg J et al. (ADA Council on Scientific Affairs Expert Panel). Evidence-based clinical recommendations regarding fluoride intake from recon (2011)
• Infant formula and tap water: CDC. Methemoglobinemia in an Infant — Wisconsin, 1992. MMWR 42(12):217 (1993)
• Health effects on safe tap water: Colford JM Jr, Wade TJ, Sandhu SK, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of in-home drinking water intervention to reduce gastrointestinal i (2005)
• Health effects on safe tap water: Hellard ME, Sinclair MI, Forbes AB, Fairley CK. A randomized, blinded, controlled trial investigating the gastrointestinal health effects of (2001)
• Health effects on safe tap water: Colford JM Jr, Hilton JF, Wright CC, et al. The Sonoma Water Evaluation Trial: a randomized drinking water intervention trial to reduce gast (2009)
• Health effects on safe tap water: Payment P, Siemiatycki J, Richardson L, Renaud G, Franco E, Prevost M. A prospective epidemiological study of gastrointestinal health effect (1997)
• Filter life and late replacement: Endres K, ... George CM. Behavioral determinants of arsenic-safe water use among Great Plains Indian Nation private well users (Strong Heart (2023)
• Filter life and late replacement: Purchase JM, Villalona C, Katner A, Pieper KJ, Edwards M. Household Point-of-Use Faucet Filters for Lead Removal: Field Performance and User (2025)
• Filter life and late replacement: Herkert NJ, Merrill J, Peters C, Bollinger D, Zhang S, Hoffman K, Ferguson PL, Knappe DRU, Stapleton HM. Assessing the Effectiveness of Poin (2020)
• Filter life and late replacement: Gilliland A, Peluso V, Leyton-High C, Straif-Bourgeois S, Brisolara K, Pierce G, Pieper K, Katner A. Factors Impacting Adoption of and Exper (2023)
• Filter life and late replacement: Alfredo K, Wilson M, Roberson A. Management of point-of-use and point-of-entry for regulatory compliance: Survey of state administrators. AW (2023)
• Filter life and late replacement: Leaf Home (Pollfish) national tap-water sentiment survey, n=1,200 US adults, fielded 16 Jul 2025 (2025)
• Filter life and late replacement: Water Quality Association. 2023 Consumer Opinion Study (Applied Research-West), n=1,412 US adults, Jan 2023, MoE +/-2.6% (2023)
• Filter life and late replacement: Culligan national consumer survey, n=999 US adults, 7-9 Jun 2024 (press release) (2024)
• Filter life and late replacement: Purchase JM, Rouillier R, Pieper KJ, Edwards M. Understanding Failure Modes of NSF/ANSI 53 Lead-Certified Point-of-Use Pitcher and Faucet Fi (2021)
• Filter life and late replacement: Herkert et al. 2020 (see C03), Table 1 average PFAS removal by device type (2020)
• Filter life and late replacement: Choudhary K, Lanzarini-Lopes M, Parzen H, Perez Medina X, Reckhow D, Rogers R, Tobiason J, Wittbold P. PFAS Point-of-Use Treatment System St (2023)
• Filter life and late replacement: Teymoorian T, Dinh QT, Barbeau B, Sauve S. Performance of pitcher-type POU filters for the removal of 75 PFAS from drinking water. Front. En (2024)
• Filter life and late replacement: Wu C-C, Love NG, Olson TM. Bacterial transmission and colonization in activated carbon block point-of-use filters. Environ. Sci.: Water Res. (2021)
• Filter life and late replacement: Brown KW, Gessesse B, Butler LJ, MacIntosh DL. Potential Effectiveness of Point-of-Use Filtration to Address Risks to Drinking Water in the (2017)
• Filter life and late replacement: City of Newark / Newark Lead Service Line programme: filter study announcement (2019)
• Filter life and late replacement: NSF: NSF-Certified Drinking Water Filters Are Tested With Water Containing 150 ppb Lead (n.d.)
• Filter life and late replacement: City of Flint: Steps for Flint residents to reduce bacteria in filtered water (UM/Wayne State research) (2019)
• Electricity and bottled water: VIQUA VH200-F10 / VH410-F20 UV system specification sheet (MANUFACTURER CLAIM) (n.d.)
• Electricity and bottled water: UMass Amherst CAFE. Ultraviolet Radiation Treatment of Drinking Water Supplies (2007)
• Electricity and bottled water: Russell S. Ultraviolet Technology: The Non-Chemical Alternative for Well Water Disinfection. Water & Wastes Digest (2000)
• Electricity and bottled water: US EIA. Electric Power Monthly (update, print version) - average residential retail price (2026 (Aug data))
• Electricity and bottled water: IBWA: How Much Does Bottled Water Cost? (citing Beverage Marketing Corporation) (2023 data)
• Electricity and bottled water: Rodwan JG Jr. Bottled Water Reporter stats, June 2025 (Beverage Marketing Corporation data) (2025 (2024 data))
• Electricity and bottled water: The Shelby Report: Bottled water named No. 1 packaged beverage (IBWA/BMC 2025 data, released 13 May 2026) (2026)
• Electricity and bottled water: Beverage Marketing Corporation. Bottled Water in the U.S. (2025 edition, topline report) - table of contents PDF (2024/2025)
• Electricity and bottled water: Statista: Average wholesale price of bottled water in the US (various)
• Devices that bypass the gut: Yoder JS, Straif-Bourgeois S, Roy SL et al. Primary amebic meningoencephalitis deaths associated with sinus irrigation using contaminated ta (2012)
• Devices that bypass the gut: CDC. Notes from the Field: Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis Associated with Nasal Irrigation Using Water from a Recreational Vehicle — Tex (2025)
• Devices that bypass the gut: CDC. Notes from the Field: Fatal Acanthamoeba Encephalitis in a Patient Who Regularly Used Tap Water in an Electronic Nasal Irrigation Devic (2025)
• Devices that bypass the gut: CDC. Safe ritual nasal rinsing (guidance sheet) (current)
• Devices that bypass the gut: Yao W (Dietrich lab, Virginia Tech). Emission of insoluble mineral particles from ultrasonic humidifiers (MS thesis) + VT CEE news summary o (2018)
• Devices that bypass the gut: Daftary AS, Deterding RR. Inhalational lung injury associated with humidifier "white dust". Pediatrics 127(2):e509-e512 (PMID 21199854), as (2011)
• Devices that bypass the gut: US FDA (CDRH). Safety Alert: Chloramine contamination of hemodialysis water supplies (1988)
• Devices that bypass the gut: Missouri American Water. Chloramines fact sheet (utility customer notice) (current)
• Cooking with tap water: CDC. Lead — Tips: Water (archived page) (2017 (archived))
• Cooking with tap water: Carrasco-Turigas G, Villanueva CM, Goñi F, Rantakokko P, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ. The effect of different boiling and filtering devices on the con (2013)
• Cooking with tap water: Carey M, Jiujin X, Farias JG, Meharg AA. Rethinking rice preparation for highly efficient removal of inorganic arsenic using percolating coo (2015)
• Cooking with tap water: US FDA. Seven Things Pregnant Women and Parents Need to Know About Arsenic in Rice and Rice Cereal (consumer update, archived) (2016 (archived 2022))
• Cooking with tap water: Bae M et al. Arsenic in cooked rice in Bangladesh. Lancet 360:1839-1840 (2002)
• Cooking with tap water: CDC. Arsenic and Drinking Water from Private Wells (archived fact sheet) (2008 (archived))
• Cooking with tap water: Oregon Health Authority. Nitrate in drinking water (health fact sheet) (current)
• Cooking with tap water: Minnesota Dept of Health. PFAS — Home water treatment (web page) (2024)
• Cooking with tap water: Pan W, Johnson ER, Giammar DE. Lead phosphate particles in tap water: challenges for point-of-use filters (ACS journal; NSF-funded) (2021 (approx.))
• Can water add health?: Rylander R, Arnaud MJ. Mineral water intake reduces blood pressure among subjects with low urinary magnesium and calcium levels. BMC Public (2004)
• Can water add health?: Albaker WI, Al-Hariri MT, et al. Beneficial effects of adding magnesium to desalinated drinking water on metabolic and insulin resistance pa (2022)
• Can water add health?: Schneider I, Greupner T, Hahn A. Magnesium bioavailability from mineral waters with different mineralization levels in comparison to bread a (2017)
• Can water add health?: Shlezinger M, Amitai Y, Goldenberg I, Atar S, Shechter M. Acute myocardial infarction severity, complications, and mortality associated with (2019)
• Can water add health?: Dose-response relationship between dietary magnesium intake and cardiovascular mortality: systematic review and dose-based meta-regression o (2016)
• Can water add health?: Dubnov J, Eilon Y, Amster E, et al. Magnesium remineralization of desalinated drinking water and residents' health outcomes: a prospective c (2026)
• Can water add health?: Wynn E, Krieg MA, Aeschlimann JM, Burckhardt P. Alkaline mineral water lowers bone resorption even in calcium sufficiency. Bone 44(1):120-4 (2009)
• Can water add health?: Directive 2009/54/EC on natural mineral waters, Annex III (permitted label indications) (2009)
• Can water add health?: Dupont C, Hébert G. Magnesium sulfate-rich natural mineral waters in the treatment of functional constipation - a review. Nutrients 12(7):20 (2020)
• Can water add health?: Dupont C, et al. Hépar RCT (as reported in Dupont & Hébert 2020) (2014)
• Can water add health?: Dupont C, et al. Time to treatment response of a magnesium- and sulphate-rich natural mineral water in functional constipation. Nutrition (P (2019)
• Can water add health?: Naumann J, et al. Ensinger Schiller Quelle RCT (as reported in Dupont & Hébert 2020) (2016)
• Can water add health?: Bothe G, et al. Donat Mg RCT (as reported in Dupont & Hébert 2020) (2015)
• Can water add health?: Yoritaka A, et al. Randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial of hydrogen water for Parkinson's disease. Movement Disorders (2018)
• Can water add health?: LeBaron TW, Singh RB, Fatima G, et al. Effects of 24-week high-concentration hydrogen-rich water on body composition, blood lipid profiles a (2020)
• Can water add health?: Zhou K, Liu M, Wang Y, et al. Effects of molecular hydrogen supplementation on fatigue and aerobic capacity in healthy adults: SR & MA. Fron (2023)
• Can water add health?: Zhou K, Shang Z, Yuan C, et al. Can molecular hydrogen supplementation enhance physical performance in healthy adults? SR & MA. Front Nutr 1 (2024)
• Can water add health?: Li Y, Bing R, Liu M, et al. Can molecular hydrogen supplementation reduce exercise-induced oxidative stress in healthy adults? SR & MA. Fron (2024)
• Can water add health?: Jamialahmadi H, Khalili-Tanha G, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Nazari E. Effects of hydrogen-rich water on blood lipid profiles in metabolic disorders: (2024)
• Can water add health?: Dhillon G, Buddhavarapu V, Grewal H, et al. Hydrogen water: extra healthy or a hoax? A systematic review. Int J Mol Sci 25(2):973 (2024)
• Can water add health?: Friedberg F, et al. Comparing different doses of hydrogen enriched water in a pilot randomized treatment trial in chronic fatigue syndrome (2026)
• Can water add health?: Todorovic N, Baltic S, ... Ostojic SM. Effects of 8-week hydrogen-rich water on appetite, body composition, sleep and GLP-1 in obese adults (2025)
• Can water add health?: Koufman JA, Johnston N. Potential benefits of pH 8.8 alkaline drinking water as an adjunct in the treatment of reflux disease. Ann Otol Rhin (2012)
• Can water add health?: Zalvan CH, et al. Comparison of Mediterranean diet + alkaline water vs PPI for laryngopharyngeal reflux. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg (2017)
• Can water add health?: Weidman J, Holsworth RE Jr, Brossman B, et al. Effect of electrolyzed high-pH alkaline water on blood viscosity in healthy adults. JISSN 13: (2016)
• Can water add health?: Chycki J, et al. Alkaline water improves exercise-induced metabolic acidosis and enhances anaerobic exercise performance in combat sport ath (2018)
• Can water add health?: Does much hyped alkaline electrolyzed water provide health benefits? A systematic review and narrative synthesis. Int J Environ Health Eng ( (2022)
• Can water add health?: Exley C, Korchazhkina O, Job D, et al. Non-invasive therapy to reduce the body burden of aluminium in Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis (2006)
• Can water add health?: Davenward S, Bentham P, Wright J, Crome P, Job D, Polwart A, Exley C. Silicon-rich mineral water as a non-invasive test of the 'aluminum hyp (2013)
• Can water add health?: Kessing LV, et al. Association of lithium in drinking water with the incidence of dementia. JAMA Psychiatry 74(10):1005-1010 (2017)
• Can water add health?: Knudsen NN, Schullehner J, Hansen B, et al. Lithium in drinking water and incidence of suicide: nationwide individual-level cohort with 22 y (2017)
• Can water add health?: Memon A, et al. Association between naturally occurring lithium in drinking water and suicide rates: SR & MA of ecological studies. Br J Psy (2020)
• Can water add health?: Parker WF, Gorges RJ, Gao YN, et al. Association between groundwater lithium and the diagnosis of bipolar disorder and dementia in the Unite (2018)
• Can water add health?: Duthie AC, Hannah J, Batty GD, et al. Low-level lithium in drinking water and subsequent risk of dementia: cohort study. Int J Geriatr Psych (2023)
• Can water add health?: Fraiha-Pegado J, de Paula VJR, Alotaibi T, Forlenza O, Hajek T. Trace lithium levels in drinking water and risk of dementia: a systematic re (2024)
• Can water add health?: Aron L, ... Yankner B. Lithium deficiency and the onset of Alzheimer's disease. Nature (2025)
• Can water add health?: Gildengers A, et al. Low-dose lithium carbonate in mild cognitive impairment: 2-year pilot RCT. JAMA Neurology (PMID 41770546) (2026)
• Can water add health?: National Toxicology Program. NTP Monograph on the State of the Science Concerning Fluoride Exposure and Neurodevelopment and Cognition (NTP- (2024)
• Can water add health?: Taylor KW, et al. Fluoride exposure and children's IQ scores: SR & MA. JAMA Pediatrics (2025)
• Can water add health?: Cochrane Oral Health. Water fluoridation for the prevention of dental caries (CD010856, 2024 update) (2024)
• Can water add health?: Washington State Department of Health. Report of the Fluoride Science Review Panel (2025)
• Can water add health?: Lu Y, Chen H. Deuterium-depleted water in cancer therapy: a systematic review of clinical and experimental trials. Nutrients 16(9):1397 (2024)
• Can water add health?: Galetti V, Kujinga P, Mitchikpè CE, ... Zimmermann MB, Moretti D. Efficacy of highly bioavailable zinc from fortified water: an RCT in rural (2015)
• Can water add health?: Foo LC, Zainab T, Goh SY, et al. Iodization of village water supply in the control of endemic iodine deficiency in rural Sarawak, Malaysia. (1996)
• Can water add health?: Advocate Health enews. Can bathing in vitamins boost your health? (quotes ACS chemist N. Langerman) (2013)
• Bacteria in filters: Daschner FD, Ruden H, Simon R, et al. Microbiological contamination of drinking water in a commercial household water filter system. Eur J C (1996)
• Bacteria in filters: Snyder JW Jr, Mains CN, Anderson RE, Bissonnette GK. Effect of point-of-use, activated carbon filters on the bacteriological quality of rura (1995)
• Bacteria in filters: Chaidez C, Gerba CP. Comparison of the microbiologic quality of point-of-use (POU)-treated water and tap water. Int J Environ Health Res 14( (2004)
• Bacteria in filters: Wu C-C, Ghosh S, Martin KJ, Pinto AJ, Denef VJ, Olson TM, Love NG. The microbial colonization of activated carbon block point-of-use (PoU) f (2017)
• Bacteria in filters: Wu C-C, Love NG, Olson TM. Bacterial transmission and colonization in activated carbon block (ACB) point-of-use (PoU) filters. Environ Sci: (2021)
• Bacteria in filters: Chen Y, Fu J, Wang Y, et al. Microbial risks in household UF purifiers and disinfection strategy with electrolysis. E3S Web of Conferences 1 (2020)
• Bacteria in filters: Authors not retrieved (Tabriz University of Medical Sciences repository). Bacteriological quality of water produced by household water treat (2015)
• Bacteria in filters: Yi J, Lee J, Jung H, Park P-K, Noh SH. Reduction of bacterial regrowth in treated water by minimizing water stagnation in the filtrate line (2019)
• Bacteria in filters: Bartram J, Cotruvo J, Exner M, Fricker C, Glasmacher A (eds). Heterotrophic Plate Counts and Drinking-water Safety. WHO/IWA Publishing. (2003)

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